Small mammals in order Rodentia and Scandentia, are commonly found in Thailand. They are helpful
in crop dissemination and play important roles in the food chains. In contrast, they are harmful to some
agricultural products and act as carriers for some infectious diseases. The aim of the present study was to
explore the species diversity of small mammals in the Plant Genetic Protection Area of Khao Wang Khamen,
Kanchanaburi Province between 2015 and 2017. A total of 60 live traps were placed in the area for three
consecutive nights, three times a year. Basic physical appearance of the captured animals was recorded. The
Shannon-Wiener"es diversity and evenness indices were then calculated. Based on 1,620 trap nights, the trap
success was 9.14%. In total, 148 small mammals belonging to 9 species (2 orders and 3 families) were captured.
Of these, 142 animals were classified in the order Rodentia, and 6 animals were in the order of Scandentia.
The most common species is Neill"es rat (Leopoldamys neilli), followed by the Red spiny maxomys (Maxomys surifer).
The Shannon-Wiener"es indices indicated a higher species diversity and distribution in the area around the
limestone mountains closed to Khwae Noi River compared to the area around Chong Khaokhat museum.
The results of this study provide baseline data for more insightful studies and are helpful in the conservational
managements of these animals in the future.